A History
of the
American
Suffragist
Movement

 

Excerpt from Chapter Seven: The Longest Labor Ends

National Woman's Party

from A History of the American Suffragist Movement



Lucy Burns  

Lucy Burns

Alice Paul and her National Woman's Party followed in the tradition of Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, while Catt and the National American were more nearly the intellectual heirs of Lucy Stone and the old American association. Catt, like Lucy Stone in the case of the Fifteenth Amendment, was willing to accept half-victories while working for the larger goal; she saw political action as a chess game with a long series of moves that she could win with cleverness and patience.


Paul, like Anthony and Stanton before her, scorned this methodology and believed in dramatic, uncompromising action. It is possible that the [women's suffrage] issue needed both political styles...

There is no doubt that the Woman's Party women re-energized the cause, and they believed they deserved credit for doing so. It was their women, after all, who showed such dedication that more than 200 of them had been arrested during White House demonstrations; almost half of these women were jailed, where they endured particularly harsh conditions, including rotten food and suffocating air. In October 1917 they began a campaign to draw attention to themselves as political prisoners, arguing that they were in jail because of their ideas, rather than for the petty crimes that were the ostensible reason for arrest.

Led by Lucy Burns, some began hunger strikes to protest a judicial system that refused to recognize their constitutional rights. Burns went without food for almost three weeks; only when she was too weak to resist did her guards finally manage to force-feed her. The newspapers were full of stories of the pain that these women endured when jailers jammed tubes down their throats, gagging and nauseating them. Their obvious devotion to the cause brought sympathy from many. More and more, the public responded with anger at those who continued to make the old authoritarian arguments against the vote--the fundamental point of the democracy for which the nation allegedly was fighting abroad.



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